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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1980
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<text>
<title>
(1980) Will She Spit Thunder Eggs?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1980 Highlights
</history>
<link 00202><article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
April 7, 1980
NATION
Will She Spit Thunder Eggs?
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Washington's Mount St. Helens erupts spectacularly
</p>
<p> "I've always said I wanted to live long enough to see one of
our volcanoes erupt," said Dixy Lee Ray, the Governor of
Washington. She got her wish last week when Mount St. Helens,
a peaceful-looking 9,677-ft. peak in the white-topped Cascade
Range, suddenly spewed out a spectacular 20,000-ft. plume of gas
and ash. The eruption was the first in the continental U.S.
since 1914, when Mount Lassen, part of the Cascades in Northern
California, came to life. Said Robert Tilling of the U.S.
Geological Survey: "It's fabulous! We can actually monitor the
reawakening of a dormant volcano with modern instrumentation.
We're going to get a much better handle on our whole model of
how the earth behaves."
</p>
<p> Scientists were not surprised when Mount St. Helens began to
rumble. The Cascades form the most volcanically active mountain
range in the U.S., excluding Hawaii and Alaska. Comparatively
young, they are still being shaped by forces deep within the
earth. Mount St. Helens, a mere 37,000 years old ("A baby in
geologic terms," said a seismologist), is one of the youngest
in the range. It last erupted in 1857. Studying the evidence
of explosions during the past 4,500 years, Geological Survey
scientists predicted in 1978 that the symmetrical peak, visible
from Portland 40 miles to the southwest, would blow before the
year 2000. Two weeks ago the mountain was shaken by a sharp
earthquake, followed by a series of tremors. Then came another
jolt. Suddenly last Thursday, the silence on the snow-covered
slopes was shattered by an explosion that was heard 40 miles
away. Said Barry Blair, a logger cutting timber twelve miles
from the peak: "There were two little booms and then one great
big one. it got real smoky and we discovered we were covered
with ash."
</p>
<p> Streaked by lightning, a black and white plume soared high
above the cloud cover around the peak. Scientists who rushed to
the mountain discovered that a crater 200 ft. wide by 250 ft.
long had opened near the mountain's northern crest. Three
hundred loggers working on the slopes, 50 forest rangers and
their families and 60 residents of the tiny village of Spirit
Lake (pop. 100), located at 3,200 ft., were evacuated. One
defiant oldtimer, Harry Truman, 83, operator of the Mount St.
Helens Lodge less than two miles from the crater, said he would
stick it out. Truman's view: "That mountain just doesn't dare
blow up on me."
</p>
<p> At the town of Cougar, twelve miles from the peak, people
gathered in the A & R Grocery to share the latest news about the
eruption. Fire Chief Richard Slayton informed the residents
that if conditions got worse, they would have to retreat to a
school four miles away. Many residents, at first determined to
stay, grew uneasy as the rumbling continued.
</p>
<p> By week's end no lava had appeared, although there was still
that possibility. There was another danger: the heat of the
volcano might melt the 16-ft. snow cover on the mountain,
flooding streams and causing massive mud slides. As a
precaution, water levels in three reservoirs on the nearby Lewis
River were lowered. Meanwhile, scientists and residents kept
watching anxiously to see just how angry Mount St. Helens would
get. Said Kurt Austermann of the U.S. Forest Service: "We
don't want to panic anybody, but nobody really knows whether
it's going to start spitting thunder eggs or just lay down and
go back to sleep."</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>